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35 Day The Five Stans & Caucasus Tour

TOURCODE: CA5

Duration:
35 Days

Activity Level:
2

When To Go:
Apr, Sep

Countries Visited:
8

Arrive In / Depart From:
(TAS) Tashkent / Yerevan (EVN)

Max Group Size:
18

Tour Style:
Cultural

Price From:

Discover the country's true culture with the help of experienced local guides.

  • Small group sizes to help escape the beaten path.
  • Authentic local experiences with lots of inclusions.
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Tour Overview
Tour Overview
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Countries Visited: 8 Activity Level: 2 Tour Style: Cultural

What was once a part of the greatest trade route in the world, Central Asia and the "Five Stans" (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan) are a collection of countries with outstanding history, sprawling landscapes, and timeless beauty.

It is a place to get lost in cities that date back more than 2,000 years, with bazaars and markets in a constant state of buzz. A place to feel like a nomad in the sparsely populated grassy steppes with yurts for homes. Despite being five independent republics, it is a region best visited all together to understand how history and tradition can change a culture.

Our Caucasus tour is numbered among our most popular offerings! Mediaeval palaces, beautiful mausoleums, grand mosques and glorious vineyards are but a few of the notable sights as we start our tour in Baku, 'the city of the winds'. Following the ancient Silk Road trade route, we travel through Azerbaijan and head for the most ancient settlements and architectural centres of the country at Sheki, a town founded over 2,700 years ago.

As we travel from Azerbaijan to Georgia, we visit cathedrals, churches, monasteries, fortresses and secular sites that detail the countries' long, and at times tumultuous, histories, as well as taking time to stop by some UNESCO World Heritage Sites. We then enter Armenia, the first nation in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Yerevan, its capital, mixes a plethora of intricately crafted religious sites with buildings primarily constructed from the pink-hued 'tuff' stone unique to the area.

 


 

Dates & Prices
Dates & Prices

 

Prices below are per person, twin-sharing costs in US Dollars (USD). Pricing does not include airfare to/from the tour and any applicable taxes. For single supplement rates and taxes (if any), please refer to below Prices & Dates table. For general information on flights to/from the tour, click here.

Your Travel and Accommodation Arranged For You

Tips Included for Driver, Restaurant Staff, Local Guides

Authentic Local Experiences With Lots Of Inclusions.

Select a date below to reserve your spot:

 


The above prices are subject to an additional $175 for taxes/fees levied on flights that occur as part of the tour. The internal airfares ARE included (any exceptions are listed in red below), but we list the taxes separately on your invoice as they are beyond our control and can change at any time.

Optional Single Supplement: $1980 USD (number of singles limited).
This tour may require a mandatory single supplement charge of $580 if you join our share program and we are unable to pair you.

 


 

Full Itinerary
Full Itinerary

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Day 1 Arrival in Tashkent
Today we arrive in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan (hotel check-in from 2 pm).

Overnight in Tashkent.



Day 2 Tashkent: City Tour
Today, we embark on a tour through the heart of Uzbekistan, its bustling capital city, Tashkent. As the third-largest of the former Soviet Republics, Tashkent has witnessed remarkable progress and prosperity since gaining independence. This is evident in the city's modern architecture, exemplified by the impressive capital building that stands proudly at its center.

Our exploration takes us back in time to the Old City, a captivating district steeped in history and culture. We wander through narrow streets lined with ancient mosques and madrassas, Islamic schools that once served as centers of learning and religious instruction. These architectural gems, dating back to the 14th century, are adorned with intricate carvings and ornate details.

A highlight of our visit is the Chorsu Bazaar, a sprawling open market that draws crowds from the surrounding countryside. The vibrant atmosphere is filled with the sights, sounds, and aromas of traditional Uzbek life. Vendors in colorful attire display a wide array of goods, from fresh produce and spices to handcrafted textiles and souvenirs.

Our journey continues to other significant landmarks, including the Kafelsashi Mausoleum, a stunning mausoleum adorned with intricate tilework. We also visit the Barak Khana Medressah, a historic Islamic school, and the Tila Shaikh Mosque, a place of worship with a rich history. Finally, we explore the city's archives, where we delve into the fascinating past of Tashkent and Uzbekistan.

As we conclude our tour, we gain a deeper appreciation for Tashkent's rich cultural heritage and its vibrant present. You will likely have some free time after our tour and before dinner.

Overnight in Tashkent.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner

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Day 3 Tashkent - Fly to Nukus - Ayaz Kala - Toprak Kala - Khiva
This is a full-day of travel and sightseeing.

This morning we fly to Nukus (approx 2 hours, not including transfers, check-in/security, baggage claim), the capital of the autonomous region of Karakalpakstan (arguably the "Sixth Stan" of our tour).

Here we visit the famous Savietsky Museum, with its avant-garde art collection. Karakalpakstan is considered to be autonomous due to their ethnic and cultural similarities with neighbouring Kazakhstan. The Soviets once included Karakalpakstan within the boundaries of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic but transferred it to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936 as part of Stalin's divide and rule strategy in Central Asia.

Our destination within Karakalpakstan is the region known for the Ellik-Qala, or Fifty Fortresses. These ruins date as far back as 2,000+ years ago and they represent the varied settlements of the famed Khorezm empire. We will visit two of the well-known Qalas (fortresses) on our journey. We begin with Toprak Qala (4th-5th century A.D.), now left as a series of mud walls and excavated rooms that entails a short hike up to the top of the complex for great views of the surrounding area. Nearby is Ayaz Qala, commanding a great view over the arid plains surrounding this promontory.

We continue our road journey to Khiva, once the most remote of the Silk Road's oasis cities. Upon arrival in the late afternoon we check into our hotel.

Overnight in Khiva.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 4 Khiva: City Tour
Legend paints a vivid picture of Khiva's origins, tracing its foundation to Shem, the son of Noah, who discovered a well in this fertile land. While the exact date of its establishment remains shrouded in mystery, historical records confirm Khiva's existence as a minor fort and trading post along a branch of the Silk Road by the 8th century. In the early 16th century, Khiva ascended to prominence as the capital of the Timurid Empire. During this era, the city flourished as a bustling slave market and a pivotal point within the khanate for the following three centuries.

Stepping into Khiva is like stepping back in time. The ancient walled city, Ichan Kala, has remarkably preserved its historic charm, offering a glimpse into life during the emirates. As we wander through its labyrinthine streets, we encounter a captivating blend of architectural wonders and archaeological treasures.

Our exploration begins with the iconic Kalta Minor Minaret, a towering structure that stands as a testament to Khiva's architectural prowess. We then delve into the heart of the city, visiting the Kunya Ark, the inner citadel that once served as the residence of the khan. The Madrassa Rakhimkhon, a grand Islamic school, offers a glimpse into the city's educational heritage.

In the afternoon, we venture beyond the walled city to discover more of Khiva's treasures. The Mausoleum of Pakhlavan Makhmud, a revered Sufi saint, is a place of pilgrimage and a symbol of the city's spiritual significance. The Islam Khodja Minaret and Museum showcase the city's rich history and cultural heritage. We also explore the medieval Friday Mosque, a magnificent structure that has witnessed centuries of worship. Finally, we visit the Tashauli Palace and Harem, offering a glimpse into the lives of the rulers and their families.

With the afternoon at our leisure, we have the opportunity to further immerse ourselves in Khiva's enchanting atmosphere. Whether it's exploring hidden corners of the walled city, savoring local cuisine, or simply soaking up the serene ambiance, our time in Khiva is an unforgettable journey through the heart of Central Asia.

Tomorrow's journey to Turkmenistan: Your Tour Leader can arrange to have our big bags shipped ahead to Bukhara for us, which can make the border crossing into Turkmenistan crossing easier as it involves a "no man's land" of a considerable distance between border posts, over which you much carry/wheel your luggage (there is no one available/allow to help). This is not mandatory, but if you choose to go this route, please bring a collapsible bag (ie duffle) that you can fill with things you will need until we arrive in Bukhara.

You'll likely have some free time before dinner (typically from 14:30)

Overnight in Khiva.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 5 Khiva, Uzbekistan - Dashauz, Turkmenistan - Fly to Ashgabat
Today we travel by road to the Turkmenistan border, arriving about mid-morning.* We complete immigration and customs formalities and then proceed to the nearby Turkmen city of Dashauz (Dashoguz), where we will have the opportunity to have some lunch and visit the local bazaar, brimming with fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and much, much more. Great photo opportunities abound here!

Later in the afternoon we will transfer to the airport and fly from Dashauz (Dashoguz) to Ashgabat (Ashkhabad), +/- 50 minutes.

Ashgabat is located in a spectacular natural setting, between the Kara-Kum Desert and the Kopet-Dag mountain range. A settlement on the site of the city was successively occupied by the Parthians, Seljuk Turks, and the Mongols. Under Russian control, it became the administrative capital of the Trans-Caspian oblast, and was the centre of trade between the Russian empire and Persia; the Trans-Caspian railway reached here in 1885. The transliteration of the town's name was changed in 1992 to more accurately reflect the Turkmen original.

* This border crossing involves crossing a "no-man's land" of about 1km. This is made easier by the availability of vans to ferry group members across (it may take several trips). This can be a long day with the border crossing acting as a bit of a "wild card."

Overnight in Ashgabat.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 6 Ashgabat: City Tour
Today, we embark on a comprehensive journey through the heart of Ashgabat, immersing ourselves in the city's rich history, culture, and architectural marvels.

Our day begins with a visit to the vibrant Russian Bazaar, a bustling marketplace where we can experience the lively atmosphere and discover a diverse range of goods, from local handicrafts to fresh produce. As we wander through the colourful stalls, we'll have the opportunity to interact with friendly vendors and perhaps even bargain for a unique souvenir.

Next, we'll delve into the world of Turkmen textile artistry at the Carpet Museum. A guided tour will reveal the incredible craftsmanship and intricate designs of traditional Turkmen carpets. From the bold geometric patterns to the delicate floral motifs, these carpets are a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage.

Our exploration continues with a visit to the Spiritual Mosque of Turkmenbashi, a grand Islamic complex dedicated to the memory of the country's first president. The mosque's impressive architecture, combined with its serene atmosphere, offers a peaceful respite from the bustling city.

To gain a deeper understanding of Ashgabat's architectural beauty, we'll embark on an orientation tour of the capital. We'll admire the city's wide boulevards, modern skyscrapers, and historic landmarks. From the towering Independence Monument to the elegant government buildings, Ashgabat's architecture showcases a harmonious blend of traditional and contemporary styles.

Venturing beyond the city limits, we'll take a short drive to the ancient Parthian capital of Nissa. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers a glimpse into the region's rich history, with well-preserved ruins of palaces, temples, and fortifications. Exploring Nissa provides a fascinating opportunity to connect with the past and learn about the ancient civilizations that once thrived in Turkmenistan.

Our day wouldn't be complete without witnessing the majestic Akhal-Teke horses, a breed that has long been a source of pride for the Turkmen people. We'll have the chance to admire these elegant and spirited horses, known for their unique golden coat and graceful movements. Interacting with these magnificent creatures will be a truly unforgettable experience.

Overnight in Ashgabat.



Day 7 Ashgabat - Merv (Mary)
This is a full-day of travel and sightseeing.

Today, we embark on a full-day excursion to the city of Mary, a historic gateway to the famed Silk Road city of Merv. Situated in a strategically significant location, Merv has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, serving as a vital hub for cultural exchange and political power. It is claimed that in the 12th century, Merv briefly held the title of the world's largest city, a testament to its historical importance.

Upon arriving in Mary, we take a well-deserved break for lunch tbefore delving into the rich history of the region. Our first stop is the fascinating museum, which houses a treasure trove of archaeological finds unearthed from the ancient city of Merv. These artifacts offer a tangible connection to the past, providing insights into the lives, customs, and beliefs of the people who once inhabited this vibrant metropolis.

Afterward, we venture to the vast expanse of ancient Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Our exploration begins at the Hellenistic fortress of Gaiyur Kala, a testament to the city's early history and its connections to the Greek Empire. We then continue to the sites of Erk Kala and Sultan Kala, remnants of the city's later periods.

As we wander through these ancient ruins, we are transported back in time, imagining the bustling streets, bustling markets, and towering structures that once dominated this landscape. The sense of history is palpable, and the scale of the ancient city is truly awe-inspiring.

Our journey culminates at the impressive mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar, one of the most powerful Khorezmian rulers. This magnificent monument stands as a testament to the sultan's legacy and the grandeur of his reign. As we explore the mausoleum's intricate architecture and admire the intricate carvings, we gain a deeper appreciation for the rich cultural heritage of the region.

Overnight in Merv.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 8 Merv, Turkmenistan - Bukhara, Uzbekistan
This is a full day of travel and sightseeing; our border crossing can also impact the overall length of our day.

After breakfast, we set off on our road trip through the Karakum Desert, also known as the "Black Desert." This vast expanse of sand dunes stretches across Turkmenistan, offering a dramatic and otherworldly landscape. As we traverse the desert, we witness the stark beauty of its dunes, the shimmering oasis, and the nomadic settlements that dot the landscape.

Our journey takes us to the border crossing, * where we navigate the necessary formalities before entering Uzbekistan. As we cross into the country, we are greeted by a change in scenery, transitioning from the arid desert to the fertile plains of Uzbekistan.

Our destination is the historic city of Bukhara, once the capital of the powerful Emirate of Bukhara. As we approach the city, we are captivated by its ancient architecture and the timeless atmosphere that permeates its streets.

En route, we make a stop at the Chor Bakr Necropolis,** a vast cemetery that spans over a thousand years of history. This sacred site offers a glimpse into the city's past, with its intricate tombstones and mausoleums.

Upon arriving in Bukhara, we immerse ourselves in its enchanting ambiance. The city's well-preserved center, which has remained largely unchanged for two centuries, offers a unique opportunity to experience pre-Russian Turkestan. We explore the massive royal fortress, a symbol of the city's former power, and wander through the labyrinthine streets lined with ancient madrassas, public baths, and the remnants of a once-vast market complex.

* This border crossing also involves a "no-man's land" over which we should be able to utilize vans to bridge the distance. You will still need to be independent with your luggage between buildings.

** If our border crossing delays us longer than expected, we will take the opportunity to visit Chor Bakr later in our time in the Bukhara area.

Overnight in Bukhara.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 9 Bukhara: City Tour
Today, we embark on a leisurely walking tour through the enchanting old quarter of Bukhara. This region has been inhabited for an astonishing five millennia, while the city itself has existed for half that time. As a vital hub along the Silk Road, Bukhara has long served as a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. Recognizing its exceptional historical and architectural significance, UNESCO has designated the historic center of Bukhara as a World Heritage Site.

Our exploration begins at Labi-hauz, a picturesque 17th-century plaza centered around a tranquil pool. This charming oasis offers a respite from the bustling city, inviting us to relax and soak up the serene atmosphere.

From Labi-hauz, we venture into the city's vibrant bazaars, each with its own unique character. The three domed bazaars, renowned for their architectural beauty and bustling atmosphere, offer a feast for the senses. As we wander through the labyrinthine streets, we encounter a colourful array of goods, from handcrafted textiles and spices to exquisite jewelry and souvenirs.

A highlight of our tour is the towering Kalan Minaret, a 12th-century masterpiece that once held the title of the tallest building in Asia. This iconic landmark stands as a testament to Bukhara's architectural prowess and its historical significance.

Our tour concludes at the Mausoleum of Ismail Samani, a remarkable structure that dates back to around AD 905. This ancient mausoleum, considered one of the most elegant in Central Asia, offers a glimpse into the city's early history and the sophisticated craftsmanship of its builders.

We usually have a block of free time from +/- 13:00.

Overnight in Bukhara.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 10 Bukhara - Train to Samarkand
Today, we bid farewell to Bukhara and embark on a journey to Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa, the former summer residence of the last Emir of Bukhara. This picturesque oasis, nestled amidst lush gardens and tranquil ponds, offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the city's royal family.

The history of Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa dates back to the mid-19th century, during the reign of Emir Nasrullakhan. It was under his rule that the first structures in this idyllic location were established. However, it was his successor, Muzaffarkhan, who truly transformed Sitorai Mokhi-Khosa into a magnificent summer palace.

Driven by his love for his wife Sitora-bonu, Muzaffarkhan spared no expense in creating a sumptuous retreat. The most skilled craftsmen from Bukhara were sent to Russia to learn the finest techniques of country residence construction. Upon their return, they embarked on a grand project to build a series of opulent rooms, including a breathtaking throne room. The resulting palace is a harmonious blend of European and Asian architectural styles, reflecting the eclectic tastes of its royal occupants.

We return to old town in Bukhara (our bus leaves to Samarkand with our luggage) and take the afternoon bullet train from Kagan train station (40 minutes' drive from Bukhara) to Samarkand (2 hours 15 minutes). Upon arrival in Samarkand we will be met by our tour bus and transferred to our hotel for a nicely-placed 3-night stay,.

Overnight in Samarkand.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 11 Samarkand: City Tour
Today, we embark on a full-day exploration of Samarkand, a city steeped in history and renowned as the "Rome of the Orient." Its origins date back to a time when Rome and Babylon were mere fledglings, underscoring its enduring significance.

Our journey begins at the Bibi Khanum Mosque, a magnificent architectural masterpiece that was commissioned by Tamerlane's wife, Bibi Khanum. This grand structure, with its towering minaret and intricate mosaics, stands as a testament to the city's former glory.

Next, we visit the Mausoleum of Tamerlane, a revered figure in Central Asian history. This imposing structure, adorned with exquisite tilework and adorned with the legendary "Black Stone of Tamerlane," is a place of pilgrimage and a symbol of the city's historical significance.

Our exploration continues at the Observatory of Ulugbek, a remarkable astronomical observatory established by the grandson of Tamerlane. Here, we delve into the fascinating world of pre-telescope astronomy, marveling at Ulugbek's groundbreaking achievements in the 15th century.

We also visit the regal mausoleums of Shah-i Zinda, a sacred Islamic shrine that has attracted pilgrims for centuries. The complex boasts a collection of ornate mausoleums, each with its own unique architectural style and historical significance.

To delve deeper into Samarkand's ancient past, we visit the museum located at the archaeological site of Afrosiab. This ancient settlement, dating back to the 8th-early 7th centuries BC, occupies a vast area protected by natural barriers. During the Achaemenid period, the city was fortified with a massive wall, complete with an internal corridor and towers. Scholars believe that Afrasiab corresponds to the ancient Sogdian capital, Marakanda, which was tragically destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC.

Overnight in Samarkand.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 12 Samarkand: Registan Square
Today, we begin our day with a leisurely visit to Registan Square, a captivating oasis of tranquility amidst the bustling city of Samarkand. This iconic square, often likened to the Wonders of the World, is a testament to the city's architectural grandeur.

Three majestic madrassas adorn Registan Square, each a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. To the west stands the Ulug Bek Madrassah, built between 1417 and 1420, a testament to the intellectual pursuits of its namesake. To the east, the Tilya-Kori Madrassah, constructed between 1646 and 1660, dazzles with its intricate golden mosaics and ornate decorations. Between these two architectural marvels lies the Sher-Dor Madrassah, built between 1619 and 1636, renowned for its majestic lions depicted on its facade.

As we explore these magnificent madrassas, we are immersed in a world of artistry and craftsmanship. The once-grand educational institutions now serve as vibrant cultural centers, showcasing a variety of arts and crafts demonstrations. We admire the intricate details of the architecture, marvel at the old photographs that capture the monuments before their Soviet reconstruction, and browse through the diverse collection of handicrafts on display.

After our formal sightseeing, the remainder of the day is yours to explore Samarkand at your own pace. Wander through the labyrinthine streets, discover hidden gems, or simply soak up the enchanting atmosphere of this historic city.

Overnight in Samarkand.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 13 Samarkand, Uzbekistan - Penjikent, Tajikistan
Today, we bid farewell to the vibrant city of Samarkand and embark on a journey across the Uzbek-Tajik border, venturing into the picturesque city of Penjikent. Our journey begins with a coach ride to Jarteppa, the border crossing that connects Samarkand with Penjikent, Tajikistan's third-largest city.

After completing the necessary border formalities, we say goodbye to Uzbekistan and step into the enchanting landscape of Tajikistan. On the Tajik side, we board our small vehicles for a scenic drive that takes us through the foothills of the majestic Fann Mountains. The journey offers breathtaking vistas of rugged peaks, lush valleys, and crystal-clear rivers.

Upon arriving in Penjikent, we delve into the city's rich history and cultural heritage. Our exploration begins at the Ancient Panjikent Town ruins, a well-preserved walled city that offers a glimpse into the region's past. We continue our journey to the Sarazm Settlement, an archaeological site dating back to the Bronze Age, revealing the early history of the region.

To gain a deeper understanding of Penjikent's cultural heritage, we visit the Rudaki Museum of History and Regional Study. This museum showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts, providing insights into the region's past and present. We also explore the Olim Dodkho Mosque and Medressah, two significant religious structures that reflect the city's Islamic heritage.

* This is the longest distance (approx 700m) that you will be expected to transport your luggage between border points, though it is a flat surface and we will have plenty of time to stop and rest along the way. Presently there are usually no vans available.

Overnight in Penjikent.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 14 Penjikent - Iskanderkul - Dushanbe
This is a full day of travel and sightseeing.

Today's scenic drive takes us to to Dushanbe, passing through the picturesque landscape of Tajikistan. Our journey begins with a leisurely breakfast, followed by a drive to Iskanderkul Lake, a hidden gem nestled amidst the majestic mountains.

Upon reaching Iskanderkul Lake, we have the opportunity to enjoy some free time to explore its shores, capture breathtaking photos, and indulge in a leisurely walk along the lake's tranquil waters. The serene beauty of the lake, surrounded by towering mountains and lush greenery, provides a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of city life.

After our leisurely time at Iskanderkul Lake, we continue towards Dushanbe, traversing through the dramatic mountain range. The road winds through scenic valleys, offering panoramic views of the rugged peaks and lush landscapes. We reach a peak of 2500 meters (8200 feet), the highest point on our tour, before descending towards the capital city.

As we approach Dushanbe, we are greeted by a city that blends the charm of its rural hinterland with the modernity of its urban center. The city is surrounded by grassy pastures and snow-capped mountains, creating a picturesque backdrop. Dushanbe's urban landscape is characterized by its numerous parks, lakes, and fountains, providing a refreshing and inviting atmosphere.

The city has undergone significant development in recent years, with the frenetic building projects of the past decade nearing completion. This transformation has resulted in a palpable sense of satisfaction and progress in the city center. The grand plane tree boulevard, Rudaki, serves as a central artery, connecting the city's historic landmarks with its modern icons of statehood. As we stroll along Rudaki Boulevard, we witness a harmonious blend of the old and the new, showcasing Dushanbe's rich cultural heritage and its aspirations for the future.

Overnight in Dushanbe.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 15 Dushanbe: City Tour
Today, we delve into the rich cultural heritage of Dushanbe with a visit to the Museum of Antiquities. This fascinating museum houses a vast collection of artifacts that offer a glimpse into Tajikistan's ancient past. Among the highlights are the colossal reclining Buddha, the burial place of the Sarazm princess, a treasure trove of Tajik antiques, and ancient wall paintings from Penjikent.

The city's name, Dushanbe, translates to "Monday" in Tajik, reflecting its origins as a village that served as a popular Monday marketplace. As we explore Dushanbe, we witness the city's transformation from a humble village to a thriving capital.

Our tour also includes a visit to the Navruz Palace, a magnificent cultural center that showcases the talents of skilled local artisans. This privately funded project is a testament to the city's cultural vitality and the passion of its citizens.

We continue with a visit to the city's beautiful Botanical Gardens, a serene oasis that offers a respite from the urban hustle and bustle. Our final stop is the Bag-i-Rudaki, a picturesque park named after the renowned Tajik poet, Ismail Somoni. The park features a towering statue of Somoni, a symbol of Tajik national pride.

Overnight in Dushanbe.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 16 Dushanbe, Tajikistan - Fly to Almaty, Kazakhstan
Today, we travel fly to Almaty (+/- 2 hours), the vibrant cultural capital of Kazakhstan. Depending on our flight arrival time, we may have the opportunity to explore some of the city's fascinating attractions.

One of the highlights of our visit is Zhenkov's Cathedral, an extraordinary example of Russian Orthodox church architecture built entirely of wood. This magnificent cathedral, constructed in 1904, stands as a testament to the city's rich history and cultural diversity.

Zhenkov's Cathedral is nestled within the picturesque Panfilov Park, a popular destination for families and locals alike. As we stroll through the park, we can soak up the peaceful ambiance, admire the lush greenery, and enjoy the relaxed atmosphere.

In addition to the cathedral, we will have the opportunity to visit the recently reopened Museum of Musical Instruments, also located within Panfilov Park. This fascinating museum showcases a diverse collection of musical instruments from around the world, offering a glimpse into the rich musical heritage of Kazakhstan and beyond.

Whether we explore these attractions upon arrival or at a later time, our visit to Almaty promises to be a memorable experience.

This is a fairly easy-going day; however, the flight time can impact the convenience factor. We typically have free time from +/- 15:00.

Overnight in Almaty.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 17 Almaty: City Tour
Today, we have a full-day tour of Almaty, a relatively young city compared to its Central Asian counterparts. Founded in 1854 by Russian settlers, Almaty initially existed as a small fort. Its name has evolved through various stages, from Zailisky to Verny, before finally settling on Alma-Ata ("Father of Apples") in 1929. In 1993, the city's name was changed to Almaty.

Our tour begins with a visit to the renowned Medeo high-altitude speed-skating complex, a world-class facility nestled amidst the scenic mountain landscape. We also explore the nearby Medeo Dam, a vital infrastructure project that plays a crucial role in the region's water supply.

For panoramic views of the city and the surrounding Zailiyskiy Alatau mountain range, we ascend to Kok-Tobe, a large promontory that offers breathtaking vistas. From this vantage point, we can appreciate the city's urban layout, its natural beauty, and the majestic mountains that form its backdrop.

Returning to the city center, we delve into its cultural heritage at the Central State Museum. This museum boasts an impressive collection of Scythian art, showcasing the rich artistic traditions of the region's ancient inhabitants. We also explore the rock drawings that depict the ancient Nestorian pilgrim movement along the Great Silk Routes, offering a glimpse into the city's historical significance.

The museum's ethnic section is a highlight, featuring a dedicated hall that showcases the diverse cultures and traditions of Kazakhstan's nomadic tribes. This section provides valuable insights into the region's rich heritage and the nomadic lifestyle that has shaped its identity.

To experience the city's modern infrastructure, we may take a short detour to explore a couple of Almaty's metro stations, which were completed in 2011. The metro system features two lines, each adorned with unique and artistic designs that reflect the city's culture and history.

Overnight in Almaty.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 18 Almaty, Kazakhstan - Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Today, we cross the border* into the Kyrgyz Republic to the vibrant city of Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Originally known as Pishpek, the city's name has evolved through the years, reflecting the political changes that have shaped its history.

In 1926, Pishpek became the capital of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic. Later, in 1936, it was renamed Frunze in honour of a prominent political organizer of the Civil War who hailed from the city. Today, Bishkek stands as a modern metropolis, characterized by its vast squares, bustling bazaars, impressive administrative centers, and thriving educational institutions.

Our exploration of Bishkek begins with a visit to Oak Park, a serene green space that offers a respite from the city's bustling streets. We continue our journey to Central Square, a vibrant hub of activity where locals gather and tourists explore. The iconic Statue of Manas, a legendary Kyrgyz hero, stands proudly in the center of the square.

We also visit Victory Square, a monument dedicated to the country's war heroes. This poignant site serves as a reminder of Kyrgyzstan's sacrifices during World War II.

T0 dive deeper into the country's history and culture, we visit the National Historical Museum. This impressive building, once the Lenin Museum, has been transformed to reflect Kyrgyzstan's newfound independence. While two of its three floors have been repurposed to showcase the nation's rich heritage, one floor remains dedicated to the memory of Lenin, complete with a towering statue that serves as a reminder of the Soviet era.

* This is an easy crossing with a short distance across a bridge.

Overnight in Bishkek.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 19 Bishkek - Lake Issyk-Kul
Today, we enjoy a scenic drive along the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul, a breathtaking natural wonder that ranks as the tenth largest lake in the world by volume. Surrounded by snow-capped peaks, this saline lake defies the elements, remaining unfrozen throughout the year, hence its name, which translates to "warm lake" in Kyrgyz.

As we journey along the lake's picturesque coastline, we reach the town of Cholpon-Ata, a charming destination nestled amidst the natural beauty of the region. Our exploration begins with a visit to the petroglyphs located above the town. These ancient etchings, dating back between 1,900 and 2,800 years, offer a glimpse into the lives of the Saka-Usun peoples who inhabited this area before the arrival of the Kyrgyz.

The petroglyphs depict a variety of scenes, including animals such as wolves and deer, and the hunters who pursued them. These intricate carvings provide a tangible connection to the region's distant past, offering insights into the cultural practices, beliefs, and daily life of its ancient inhabitants.

To delve deeper into the region's history and culture, we visit a small regional museum that showcases a fascinating collection of artifacts and ethnological displays. The museum offers a glimpse into the diverse heritage of the area, highlighting the unique traditions, customs, and artistic expressions of its people.

This full-day excursion, filled with scenic drives and cultural exploration, provides a leisurely and enriching experience. As we journey around Lake Issyk-Kul and explore its ancient treasures, we gain a deeper appreciation for the natural beauty and cultural richness of this remarkable region.

Overnight at Lake Issyk-Kul.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 20 Lake Issyk-Kul - Bishkek
Today's journey takes us back to Bishkek, retracing the scenic route we took to Lake Issyk-Kul. Along the way, we make a stop at the Burana Tower, a historic monument located at the mouth of the Shamsy Valley.

Dating back to the 11th century, Burana Tower stands as a testament to the region's rich history. Restored by the Soviets in the 1950s, this iconic structure offers visitors the opportunity to climb its minaret for panoramic views of the ancient city walls of Balasagun, a fortification built by the Sogdians.

As we explore the surrounding area, we witness a fascinating demonstration of nomadic games, performed by skilled horsemen from the nearby village. These traditional games showcase the equestrian skills and athletic prowess of the local people. One of the highlights is "horse wrestling," where two riders compete to unseat each other from their horses. The intensity and agility of the riders are truly impressive. Another captivating game is "snatching up bags," where riders gallop at full speed, attempting to grab bags from the ground. The skill and precision required for this feat are remarkable.

Finally, we witness the exhilarating game of "Kok-Boru," a unique form of horse polo. In this game, players use a headless, limbless goat as the object of competition, aiming to score it into the opposing team's goal. The physical strength and coordination needed to wrestle and carry the goat are extraordinary.

The winners of these traditional games are rewarded with the goat, which will be used for the evening meal in their village. This practice reflects the cultural significance of these games and their role in the community's traditions and celebrations.

This is a full day but a relatively short distance broken up with several stops of interest. This evening back in Bishkek we'll enjoy our last Central Asian dinner.

Overnight in Bishkek.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 21 Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic - Baku, Azerbaijan
Today we fly to Baku and transfer to our hotel - Welcome to Azerbaijan!*

This evening we will be meeting any participants who are arriving on their tour of the Caucasus (tour AZ1).

* Due to the low-volume nature of this route, we will likely have a connection (ie in Turkey), possibly making this a full day of travel.

Overnight in Baku.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 22 Baku: City Tour
Azerbaijan is situated at the crossroad between Europe and Asia, and the atmosphere one discovers bears witness to an exciting melting pot of influences, from historical Muslim empires to the Soviet Union. Baku is a city brimming with history, and there is no better place to start our exploration than with a tour of the Old Town 'Iceri Sehir', which is also a fortress. Baku’s medieval core is a UNESCO-protected site surrounded by 12th-century walls.

During our touring we will see the highlights of Iceri Sehir including the Palace of the Shirvans, the most striking example of the Medieval palace structures in Azerbaijan, dating to the middle of 15th century; and the Maiden's Tower, the ancient, eight storey fortress originally built as a fire beacon.

We will also visit the Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center, one of the most recognized architectural landmarks of modern Baku. The center hosts different educational and scientific competitions and projects for the development of science, education, health, sports, culture and economy. It has also hosted solo exhibitions of the world famous artists, sculptures and photographers.

Overnight in Baku.



Day 23 Baku: Gobustan National Park
This morning we travel south to the Gobustan National Park. The UNESCO protected Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape is a national reserve that covers three areas of a plateau of rocky boulders rising out of the semi-desert of central Azerbaijan. Here we find an outstanding collection of rock engravings bearing testimony to 40,000 years of rock art. During our visit we will not only explore the Gobustan Museum and ancient petroglyphs, but we will also see some nearby bubbling mud volcanoes.

After our morning exploration we will head back to Baku and en route we will stop at the Martyrs' Cemetery, located on the higher slopes of the city's west end. This is the best place for viewing the city and the Bay of Baku. You will then have some free time for lunch and exploring on your own. Beyond the Old City there is no better way to get a feel for Baku’s relaxed, Mediterranean atmosphere than by strolling along the much-loved Seaside Boulevard – the capital city’s promenade.

Overnight in Baku.



Day 24 Baku - Shemakha - Sheki
This is a full day of travel and sightseeing.

Today we embark on a journey through the heartland of Azerbaijan, exploring ancient cities steeped in history and natural beauty. Our first stop is Shemakha, once a thriving capital and trade center. We'll visit the majestic Juma Mosque, a magnificent 19th-century architectural marvel. The Yedi Gumbez, or Seven Tombs, will offer a glimpse into the region's royal past, as we explore the ornate mausoleums of the Khans of Shemakha.

Continuing our journey, we arrive in the picturesque town of Sheki, nestled amidst the forested hills of the Caucasus Mountains. This ancient settlement, dating back over 2,700 years, boasts stunning architecture and a rich cultural heritage. We'll visit the Khan's Palace, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture adorned with intricate mosaics. The History Museum will provide insights into the region's past, while a stroll through the bustling market will offer a taste of local life.

Overnight in Sheki.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 25 Sheki, Azerbaijan - Telavi, Georgia
This morning we travel along the foothills of the Greater Caucasus range and arrive at the Azerbaijan border/Lagodekhi check-point. After completing customs and immigration formalities (which can be lengthy!) we continue to Telavi. Please know that this a very full day of travel and sightseeing.

Throughout this region, snowy peaks can just be made out through the haze, and the towering white poplar tree. The emptiness of the road today belies the fact that this is an ancient trade route, a tiny part of the old Silk Road that linked China with Western Europe before an alternative route was discovered by sea. In the Telavi area, we visit some of the highlights of Georgian architectural monuments: Alaverdi Cathedral (11th c) and Gremi Complex, which is what has survived from the once flourishing town of Gremi located southwest of the present-day village of the same name.

Overnight in Telavi.



Day 26 Telavi - Davit Gareja Monastery - Tbilisi
Today's journey takes us through Kakheti Province, Georgia's famous wine district, a landscape dotted with fine old churches and vineyard after vineyard.

We then drive to Davit Gareja Monastery,* situated deep in semi-desert about 75 km (47 mi) south-east of Tbilisi. Founded in the 6th century by the Christian Father St. David, the monasteries are remarkable for their original frescoes that date from the 8th to 13th centuries, and the site is considered to be one of the most important landmarks of Georgia. The main complex on which we concentrate our visit, is located just adjacent to the parking area and constitutes a highly satisfactory visit with respect to what the entire area has to offer, though we regret that our tour here will not be as comprehensive as is possible given time contraints and accessibility problems.

* The area and the footing can suffer from very changeable weather conditions. Your Tour Leader can provide further information en route, but kindly be advised that the nature, duration, and content of our visit is the prerogative of your Tour Leader.

Later in the day we arrive in Tbilisi.

Overnight in Tbilisi.



Day 27 Tbilisi: City Tour
Tbilisi, capital of Georgia from the 5th century AD, has a long and fascinating history. Founded in the 4th century by King Vakhtang Gorgasali on the site of its warm mineral-water springs, it developed into the main city of the Caucasus. By the 12th century Tbilisi was one of the more important political, economic and cultural centres of the region, a key stop on the famous Silk Road on the border between Europe and Asia.

Tbilisi's Old Town, the most ancient part of the city, is renowned for its wonderful mix of cultures. The mosque, the synagogue, the Armenian and Roman Catholic churches mingle harmoniously with the splendid Georgian churches and architecture. The balmy sulfur baths have hosted poets, writers, musicians, and kings down through the centuries. The multi-ethnic markets with large variety of produce and languages, give the city an Eastern, cosmopolitan feel.

We will explore much of the old town by foot, starting at the Metekhi Church (12th C), Abanotubani, the area famous for the sulphur baths with Asian style buildings and 19th C Georgian houses. We visit the National Museum (which has a very interesting exhibit about the Soviet Occupation) and walk Rustaveli Avenue, the most beautiful street of Tbilisi.

Balance of the day for independent exploration.

Overnight in Tbilisi.



Day 28 Tbilisi - Mtskheta - Kazbegi (Stepantsminda)
This morning we leave the capital and depart for Mtskheta, an ancient town of extraordinary importance to the Georgian nation, located about 20km out of Tbilisi. It was the capital of the eastern Georgian kingdom of Iberia (not to be confused with the European peninsula) from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD. Mtskheta was the site of Georgia's adoption of Christianity in 334 and remains the headquarters of the Georgian Orthodox Church. We visit the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral (11th c.) and Jvari Monastery (6th c.); both are among the finest architectural monuments in Georgia.

We continue along the Georgian Military Highway, a historical road leading north from Tbilisi into Russia. It passes the spectacular Ananuri Fortress (we'll make a stop here), and then climbs the sides of the dramatic Aragvi River Valley, over the Jvari Pass (2395m / 7,857 ft) and down into Kazbegi (officially Stepantsminda; 1700m / 5577 ft). Surrounded by gigantic mountains, Kazbegi is a picturesque settlement overlooked by the biggest of them all -- Mount Kazbek (5047m / 16,558 ft) -- one of the six 5000+ metre peaks of the Caucasus.

Time permitting upon arrival, we'll begin our area sightseeing. The town and rugged surrounds provide some of the most picturesque scenes in Georgia.

Overnight in Kazbegi.



Day 29 Kazbegi Area
Today we delve deeper into the heart of the Caucasus Mountains, venturing to the stunning Kazbegi region. This breathtaking landscape, dominated by the majestic Mount Kazbek, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage.

We'll have the opportunity to hike or drive to the Gergeti Trinity Church, a picturesque religious site perched high on a hilltop. From here, we can admire panoramic views of the snow-capped Mount Kazbek and the surrounding valleys. For those seeking a more active adventure, there are numerous hiking trails to explore, ranging from gentle strolls to challenging treks.

We'll also have the chance to wander through the charming village of Kazbegi, immersing ourselves in local culture and enjoying the tranquility of this mountain retreat.

Overnight in Kazbegi.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 30 Kazbegi - Uplistsikhe - Akhaltsikhe
Today we continue down the Georgian Military Highway and turn east to Gori, the birthplace of Joseph Stalin. We'll visit the Stalin Museum here before travelling the 8 km to Uplistsikhe, ('the Lord's Citadel'), a cave town hewn into rock. The citadel dates back to the 7th century BC, and had served as a strategic point on the ancient Silk Road from ancient times until the 15th century AD. As part of our visit, we'll see the large central hall for pagan rituals, living rooms, and a 9th century church.

We continue to Akhaltsikhe, a small city of about 50,000 and the capital of Samtskhe-Javakheti. The city has been around for at least 800 years, and was a regional administrative center for the Ottomans from the sixteenth century up to the Russo-Turkish War. Until the twentieth century Akhaltsikhe was majority Armenian, but today, unlike most of the province, it is majority Georgian.

Arrive in Akhaltsikhe.



Day 31 Akhaltsikhe - Vardzia, Georgia - Gyumri, Armenia
Today we cross the border into Armenia, but first, we'll make a captivating stop at Vardzia, a remarkable medieval cave city nestled in the Meskheti region of southern Georgia. This architectural marvel, carved into a cliff face between 1186 and 1189 under the reign of Queen Tamara, offers a glimpse into the golden age of Georgian culture. We'll explore the intricate network of tunnels, chambers, and churches, marveling at the skill and ingenuity of the builders.

After crossing the border at Bavra, we'll head to Gyumri, a city steeped in history and architectural beauty. This charming city, with its cobblestone streets and stately Russian buildings, offers a unique blend of old and new. We'll have the opportunity to explore the city's historic center, visit local markets, and perhaps even sample some traditional Armenian cuisine.

Depending on our schedule, we may spend some time sightseeing in Gyumri today or tomorrow before continuing our journey to Yerevan.

Overnight in Gyumri.

Included Meal(s): Breakfast and Dinner



Day 32 Gyumri - Garni Temple & Geghard Monastery Complex - Yerevan
Today we head for Yerevan, stopping at two places where local people expressed their beliefs: the Hellenistic Mithras Temple of Garni, dating back to the first century, and the Geghard Monastery in the gorge of the River Asat. Garni Temple was destroyed by an earthquake in 1679 and reconstructed in the 1970s. The temple is erected on a basalt base, on top of the gorge of the river Asat, surrounded by the ruins of the Garni Citadel, which also served as the summer residence of the Armenian kings in the third and fourth century.

The monastery at Geghard is a unique architectural construction, partially carved out of the adjacent mountain, surrounded by cliffs. While the main chapel was built in 1215, the complex was founded in the 4th century.

Today we'll also visit a brandy factory for a tour and tasting and include a typical lunch at a private home.

We then continue to Yerevan, the present-day capital of a nation that was the first in the world to adopt Christianity as a state religion (AD 301). The Yerevan of today is a city of Christian cathedrals, theatres and museums, universities and academies, parks, squares and industrial sites and, finally, an art-loving and sophisticated people.

Due to the size of our lunch today, we do not include dinner.

Overnight in Yerevan.



Day 33 Yerevan: City Tour
Today we tour Yerevan, including a visit to the Matenadaran's Manuscript Collection, of prime importance for the study of the history and culture of Armenia, as well as Transcaucasia, Asia Minor and many Middle Eastern countries. Works by some philosophers of antiquity survived only in their Armenian translation. These include Eusebius of Gaesaria's "Chronicle", the ancient Greek philosopher Xenon's treatise "On Nature," and many others. The archives preserve over 100,000 documents of the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries: various deeds, decrees, treaties and letters, which contain vast material on the political and socio-economic history of Armenia and neighbouring countries.

We also visit the National History Museum on Republic Square. The square was built in the 1940s in a traditional Armenian architectural style. The arches of the buildings lining the square and the motifs of the bas-reliefs are unique in their conception and resemble the structural shapes of the Armenian architectural and spiritual monuments of the 10th-13th centuries. In Yerevan, most buildings comprise a pink shade of "tuff" stone quarried locally. This is the most prominent feature of Yerevan's otherwise utilitarian Soviet architecture and is unique to Armenia. While in Yerevan we will also visit the Echmiadzin Cathedral (AD 301) located outside the city. This is the centre of the Armenian Church and their most important Orthodox cathedral.

You'll have a some free time this afternoon for independent exploraiton.

Overnight in Yerevan.



Day 34 Exploring South of Yerevan & Leisure Time in Yerevan
This morning we visit Khor Virap Monastery (AD 4-17 c). Khor Virap has a very long and rich history, both secular and religious. It is situated in the Ararat Valley against the Biblical Mt Ararat (where Noah's Ark cast anchor) on the left bank of the River Araks on one of the high hills. From ancient times Khor Virap was highly esteemed for its geographical and territorial advantages. Weather permitting we will have spectacular views of Mt Ararat from the Yerevan-Artashat motorway.

While in Yerevan we'll also visit the Genocide Memorial and Museum at Tsitsernakaberd ("Swallow Castle"). The memorial sits on the site of an Iron Age fortress, all above-ground traces of which seem to have disappeared. The museum's testimony to the 1915 destruction of the Armenian communities of Eastern Anatolia is moving, and the monument itself is austere but powerful. The spire symbolizes the Eastern and Western branches of the Armenian people. From here the view over the Ararat Valley is striking.

We return to Yerevan where you have some much-deserved leisure time before tonight's dinner at a typical Armenian restaurant, possibly with live Armenian music.

Overnight in Yerevan.



Day 35 Departure
Departure from Yerevan.

BON VOYAGE!!

 


 

Trip Info
Trip Info

Inclusions
Full-time Tour Leader plus local guide support at numerous locations.

Breakfast and dinner (at local restaurants and hotels) are included daily.

All transport, accommodation, sightseeing and entrance fees for sites noted as 'visited' in the detailed itinerary.

Gratuities for drivers, restaurant staff, porters, local guides.

Airport transfers for land & air customers and for early arriving/late departing land & air customers who book their extra hotel nights through us.

Exclusions
International airfare to/from the tour.

Tour Leader gratuities, lunches, drinks, personal items (phone, laundry, etc), domestic and international (if applicable) air taxes, visa fees, and any excursions referenced as 'optional'. Airport transfers for Land Only customers.

Optional trip cancellation insurance.

Our post-reservation trip notes offer further guidance on shopping, not included meals, visas* and locally paid departure taxes.

VISAS: You will need to supply us with some documentation, passport photos, and a fee which will be listed separately on your invoice. You will need to be reasonably computer/email proficient in order to complete the visa process which relies entirely on electronic communication. You will not need to surrender your passport.

Seasonality and Weather
Fall is one of the best times to visit this extreme climate region, where summers are unbearably hot and winters bitterly cold. We visit the area when the temperature should not fall below 5C (40F) at night in most locations and climb to between 15 and 25C (60-78F) during the day. We may experience more extreme conditions in the Caucasus (northern Georgia), and conditions in the mountains can be changeable and temperatures approaching freezing. We should have sunny weather most of the time, but showers are possible, especially in the mountains.

Transport and Travel Conditions
Road Transport: Our buses in The Stans are mostly large touring coaches with plenty of room. In Tajikistan we use (usually) use a couple of vans on the first day seeing in Penjikent and area, then 4WD vehicles on the mountain drive from Penjikent to Dushanbe, where we generally we use multiple mini-vans for local sightseeing. In the Caucasus we will travel via private bus.

This trip is typical of most of our tours in Europe and the Far East, which are ambitious and involve full days of travel and sightseeing. While we don't have any actual strenuous activity (ie extended hiking) built into the program, you will do a lot of walking on this trip. These walks will mostly be in the form of walking tours of towns and cities and short walks to dinner. This can be a hilly/mountainous area, where cobbles, uneven surfaces, and slopes/stairs are common. Many past travellers have mentioned that the road journeys, rough edges (uneven sidewalks, lack of hand rails etc), and uneven terrain might combine to make this more of a "2.5" on our 3-tiered difficulty rating system. We have some long travel days, early starts, which can cause fatigue. Porters are available at hotels but you must be able to manage with your baggage from time to time, especially at airports.

Some border crossings in the Stans also present a challenge as the facilities are not built for comfort, and there is often a considerable distance (ie 400-500 metres) across "no man's land" between posts over which travellers must walk (we leave one bus behind and meet our next one ahead). These distances occur over rough road (sturdy wheeled luggage is a MUST) and in the open (perhaps hot sun). There is no one to assist with baggage so you must be prepared and independent.

Overall, this is one of the the busiest itineraries we offer, with multiple full days of travel from A-B (with breaks along the way) and little in the way of free or "down" time. We do our best to maximize our experience over five countries in a large region using what few flight options exist; however, you must still be prepared for some long days which can become tiresome.

The highest elevations at which we overnight are Lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyz Republic) at 1600m/5,250 ft, and Stepantsminda (Georgia) at 1740m/5,700 ft; all other location are below 1000m.

Travellers with very specific dietary requirements, or those with pre-existing medical conditions should be aware that we visit some remote locales where services, varied cuisines/foods, and the possibility of advanced medical attention, are limited.

Pharmaceuticals:
Please note that most Central Asian countries are very strict about the importation of certain medications, especially opioids, pychotropics, medicinal marijuana, certain types of mood stabilizers or anything that can be considered a "narcotic". The official concern here is not your use of the drugs for therapeutic reasons, but rather the possibility of importation for the purpose of trafficking. As such, you must be prepared to fully declare any such items upon entry and carry only the amount consistent with your prescription and length of stay. For more information on this matter, please visit:

https://uz.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/doctors/prescription-medicines/

Am I suitable for this tour? Please refer to our self-assessment form.

Activity Level: 2
These are particularly busy tours that feature a lot of moving around, sometimes by train and short journeys on local transport. Walking tours of towns and cities are leisurely but you should be prepared to be on your feet for several hours. Some of our cultural trips that occur at high altitude and/or require greater independence with baggage handling (at hotels, airports, train stations) also fall into this category.

To learn more about the Activity levels, please visit our tour styles page.

Accommodation
Most accommodation is of a 3-4 star standard, though accommodation may be simpler in remote locations. All are heated/air-conditioned as conditions warrant, and all feature private bath. Most passengers are pleasantly surprised at the overall comfort and level of service, though in the part of the world, one must be prepared for some "rough edges."

For more information, click on the "Map & Hotels" tab

Staff and Support
Tour Leader throughout, local drivers, local guides at various locations.

Group Size
Maximum 18 (plus Tour Leader)

 


 

Map & Hotels
Map & Hotels

*The red tour trail on the map does not represent the actual travel path.


The following is a list of sample hotels at some locations included on this tour. The hotels shown here are meant to provide a general sense of the standard of hotel we usually aim for; they are not necessarily confirmed for your chosen departure.


City Palace Hotel
5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation
Location: Tashkent
Country: Uzbekistan
The City Palace Hotel is a place where the rich oriental flavour and modern European design merge together to ensure that guests enjoy a pleasant stay at the hotel. City Palace – ... unique. By special experts, the hotel was awarded 4 stars, which means that all conditions were created for the convenience and unforgettable rest of guests in Tashkent. In the center of the city of Tashkent, spacious rooms-from standard to luxury, exquisite Oriental and European cuisine-all this gives guests a real atmosphere of the East
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Hotel Asia Khiva
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Khiva
Country: Uzbekistan
Within walking distance of monuments and mosques, this straightforward hotel is a 12-minute walk from Itchan Kala, the historic Muslim inner city, and a 13-minute walk from Kalta Minor, the intricate Timurid ... tower. The relaxed rooms come with free Wi-Fi, flat screens, minifridges, and tea and coffee making facilities.
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Hotel Four-Points Sheraton Ak Altin Plaza
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Ashgabat
Country: Turkmenistan
Contemporary hotel located 5 minutes from city center & 3 km from Carpet Museum & Independence Monument
Hotel Asia Bukhara
3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation
Location: Bukhara
Country: Uzbekistan
The convenient location, comfortable rooms, and good service will allow you to enjoy your stay in the ancient city. Outwardly, Asia Bukhara looks like the building of an old madrasah, many of ... have survived in Bukhara.

The hotel is located near the Magoki Attari mosque (12th century) and the Lyabi Hauz ensemble (16-17th century). The advantage of Asia Bukhara compared to other hotels also located in the old part of Bukhara are convenient access roads, the presence of 119 large rooms, their modern equipment, secure parking and an outdoor pool.
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Hotel Asia Samarkand
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Samarkand
Country: Uzbekistan
The Hotel has 84 standard rooms and 1 Suite, which have air conditioning, international telephone, satellite TV, minibar, bath, and hairdryer.

The hotel is equally close to the business part of
... city, as well as to the historical sights of the Old City. The Samarkand International Airport is located 6 km (15 min. drive) from the Hotel. Nearest railway station: Samarkand (15 min drive).
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Hilton Dushanbe Hotel
5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation 5 Star Accommodation
Location: Dushanbe
Country: Tajikistan
The hotel is 15 minutes from central Dushanbe, with Dushanbe International Airport two kilometres away. Take in Tajikistan history at the National Museum of Tajikistan and Ismoil Somoni Monument on the edge ... Rudaki Park, all within four kilometres. Enjoy the full-service spa, indoor heated pool, and fitness center.
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Hotel Kazzhol Almaty
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Almaty
Country: Kazakhstan
The hotel has all the necessary conditions: a convenient location in the city center, and excellent infrastructure. To guarantee your security, the hotel has round-the-clock security and video surveillance.

Comfortably relax
... a cozy environment, enjoying delicious and amazing European and national cuisine, our restaurant invites you.
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Plaza Hotel Bishkek
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Bishkek
Country: Kyrgyzstan
The Plaza Hotel Bishkek is the embodiment of aristocratic elegance and modern multi-functionality. Nine floors of luxury and impeccable style will make you feel part of the High Society.

Part of
... hotel territory belongs to a splendid spa area with an indoor swimming pool of 60 square meters. Relaxing music sounds in the lounge, while for those who prefer active leisure our hotel has a well-equipped gym and Finnish sauna. Rest in our cozy rooms after a long busy day will please you, and the view from panoramic windows will help you experience all the beauty and charm of Bishkek.
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Radisson Hotel Baku
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Baku
Country: Azerbaijan
With a central location, our Park Inn by Radisson in Baku is well placed for enjoying all that the Azerbaijan capital city has to offer. The hotel has excellent transport connections, too: ... Aliyev International Airport is a 25-minute drive from the hotel, and the main train station is 2 kilometers away. Sahil metro station is just 500 meters from the hotel's front door. Next to the hotel, you'll find the waterfront Milli Park, a 100-year-old promenade that runs along the seafront.
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Macara Sheki City Hotel
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Sheki
Country: Azerbaijan
Macara Sheki City Hotel welcomes guests who appreciate unique style, comfort, and sophistication. A beautiful juxtaposition of the significant historical homestead and contemporary architecture, the hotel is located in historic Sheki City, ... perfect location to enjoy everything the city has to offer.
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Rcheuli Marani Hotel
3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation
Location: Telavi
Country: Georgia
Telavi is the main city and administrative center of Georgia's eastern province of Kakheti.

There are 25 comfortable rooms, featuring all exclusive appointments of a high standards hotel with satellite TV
... unlimited internet access at the Hotel "Rcheuli Marani". Guests can enjoy 24-hour concierge service, a restaurant, a conference hall, and 18-hour room service. All rooms have individual climate control, mini-bar and balconies.

You can experience Georgian unique table traditions in the hotel restaurant "Old Marani" which has its wonderful 18th century Georgian wine cellar. It introduces rich traditional dishes as well as dishes of European cuisine and Georgian wine tasting.
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Chateau Kvareli
3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation
Location: Telavi
Country: Georgia
Chateau Kvareli text coming soon.
Mountain House Kazbegi
3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation
Location: Kazbegi
Country: Georgia
Mountain House Kazbegi offers accommodation with a garden, a terrace and a bar. This 4-star hotel offers room service and a 24-hour front desk.
Berlin Art Hotel
3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation 3 Star Accommodation
Location: Gyumri
Country: Armenia
The Berlin ARTHotel is, since the opening, a social pilot enterprise under the direction of the non profit organisation "Fuer Armenien e.V. in Berlin. As a non-profit organization, its only purpose is ... contribute to the support and further development of medical care in the outpatient clinic "Berlin Centre for Mother and Child".

The hotel opened its doors to guests in 1996. Since that time it is a favourite of international travellers. What sets this hotel apart from other local hotels is the art Gallery25. All 15 rooms feature the art works of local and international artists.
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Ani Plaza Hotel
4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation 4 Star Accommodation
Location: Yerevan
Country: Armenia
As the biggest hotel in Yerevan, Armenia, Ani Plaza welcomes thousands of tourists to the country every year. Only one block away from the National Opera and Ballet Theater, and a ten ... walk from the Cascade Complex, our centrally-located hotel offers guests spectacular views over the city and the national symbol that is Mount Ararat. Ensuring high- quality service tailored to satisfy even the most demanding clients, the hotel also offers its guests on-site restaurants, cafes, bars, conference rooms, spa and beauty salons, a swimming pool and a fitness center.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASK A QUESTION
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
ASK A QUESTION
01. What is the maximum number of participants on a trip?
Most of our tours carry a maximum of 18 participants; some tours (ie hiking tours) top out at 16. In the event that we do not achieve our minimum complement by our 90-day deadline, we may offer group members the option of paying a "small-group surcharge" as an alternative to cancellation. If all group members agree, we will confirm the trip at existing numbers; this surcharge is refundable in the event that we ultimately achieve our regular minimum. If the small group surcharge is not accepted, we will offer a refund of your deposit or a different trip of your choice.
02. Can I extend my tour either at the beginning or end? What about stopovers?
Yes, you can extend your tour either at the beginning or the end and we can book accommodation in our tour hotel. Stopovers are often permitted, depending on air routing. Stopovers usually carry a "stopover" fee levied by the airline.
03. How do I make a reservation? How and when do I pay?
The easiest way to make a reservation is via our website; during office hours, you are also more than welcome to contact us by telephone. A non-refundable deposit is payable at the time of booking; if a reservation is made within 90 days, full payment is required. Some trips require a larger deposit. If international airline bookings require a non-refundable payment in order to secure space or the lowest available fare, we will require an increase in deposit equal to the cost of the ticket(s). Early enrolment is always encouraged as group size is limited and some trips require greater preparation time. Once we have received your deposit, we will confirm your space and send you a confirmation package containing your trip itinerary, any visa/travel permit related documents, invoice, clothing and equipment recommendations, general information on your destination(s), and forms for you to complete, sign and return to us. Your air e-tickets (if applicable), final hotel list, final trip itinerary, and instructions on how to join your tour, will be sent approximately 2-3 weeks prior to departure.
04. What about cancellations, refunds, and transfers?
Please review our cancellation policy page for details.
05. I am a single who prefers my own room. What is a single supplement?
All of our tours have a single supplement for those who want to be guaranteed their own room at each location. This supplement is a reflection of the fact that most hotels around the world do not discount the regular twin-share rate for a room by 50% for only one person occupying a room. Most hotels will give a break on the price, but usually in the range of 25-30% of the twin-share rate. This difference, multiplied by each night, amounts to the single supplement. The conventional amount can also vary from country to country and some destinations are more expensive than others for single occupancy. In order to be "single friendly," the supplements we apply are not a profit centre for us and we do our best to keep them as reasonable as possible. On most tours we limit the number of singles available, not to be punitive, but rather because many hotels allow for only a limited number of singles; some smaller hotels at remote locations also have a limited number of single rooms available. Please note that most single rooms around the world are smaller than twin-share rooms and will likely have only one bed.
06. Do you have a shared accommodation program?
Yes! If you are single traveller and are willing to share, we will do our best to pair you with a same-gender roommate. On most of our tours, if we fail to pair you, we will absorb the single supplement fee and you will default to a single room at no extra charge. At some destinations, however, where single rooms are not significantly discounted, or not at all, we may apply a "mandatory" single in the event that we cannot find you a share partner. This is usually 50% of the usual supplement, but can be as much as 100%. If applicable, this proviso will be noted on each tour page on this website, on your invoice, and in our tour date/price book (available for download under "Resources").

 

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Countries Visited: 8

Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Armenia.
Activity Level: 2

These are particularly busy tours that feature a lot of moving around, sometimes by train and short journeys on local transport. Walking tours of towns and cities are leisurely but you should be prepared to be on your feet for several hours. Some of our cultural trips that occur at high altitude and/or require greater independence with baggage handling (at hotels, airports, train stations) also fall into this category.

To learn more about the Activity levels, please visit our tour styles page.
Tour Style: Cultural

These three- and four-star hotel-based, "soft adventure" trips concentrate on the culture, history, and natural attributes of our destination. Though there are no strenuous activities built into these tours, you need to be prepared for some full days with some early starts, plenty of walking on uneven surfaces through villages, cities and archaeological sites, and not a lot of "down time." Independence, reasonable fitness, and an ability to be steady on one's feet are critical in order for you to get the most out of these programs.

To learn more about the Tour Styles, please visit our tour styles page.
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